The basic Freeze Crystallization
process was developed by Jeff White of Delta Engineering in
Ottawa with the cooperation of the Ontario Ministry of the
Environment and Energy since 1980. Before then, the benefits of
freeze-crystallization on wastewater were well known but had been
proven uneconomical, primarily due to high energy costs. Since
development of this basic process, a number of approvals, for the
construction of both pilot (test) and permanent plants based
solely on the freeze crystallization process have been received.
Several years of flawless operation and performance of these
plants supports these claims.
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| Snow deposit site in March | Snow deposit site in late June |
Decantation System
Weir - Snowfluent® meltwater less than 2 cm deep.
(High rate evaporation and discharge control)
The basic technology has won several environmental awards including:
- Popular Science Magazine, Best of What's New -Environmental Technology Award 1995 for Carrabassett Valley, Maine.
- Maine Consulting Engineers Honor Award 1995 for Innovative Environmental Technology ( Carrabassett Valley Sanitary District Project)
- American Council of Consulting Engineers Innovative Technology Award 1996 (Carrabassett Valley Sanitary District Project)
- CATA "Award of Distinction - Outstanding Product Achievement of 1997 " for a proven technology engineering development.
- Association of Consulting Engineers of Canada -The Schreyer Award is given for outstanding technical merit, the highest recognition given by A.C.E.C. for the project at Westport, Ontario
- Award of Excellence 1998 ENR - McGraw-Hill for Jeff White, P. Eng. (P.E.), USA
Performance Data - EVC* System
Design Performance of Freeze Crystallization
| Parameter | Unit | Influent Low / High |
Lagoon Low / High |
EVC® Surface Discharge Low / High |
EVC® & Exfiltration*) Ground Filter Effect |
| BOD5 | mg/l | 120 / 250 | 6 / 20+ | 0 / 2 | ND |
| Suspended Solids | mg/l | 200 / 315 | 5 / 30 | 3 / 5 | ND |
| pH | stu | 6.8 / 7.2 | 6.7 / 7.2 | 8 / 9 | 7 - 8 |
| Total Ammonia | mg/l | 7.5 / 40 | 7.5 / 40 | 0.1 / 0.1 | ND |
| Organic Nitrogen | mg/l | 1 / 10 | 1 / 10 | 0.2 / 0.2 | ND |
| Nitrites | mg/l | 0.5 / 1 | 0.5 / 1 | 0.01 / 0.01 | < 0.01 |
| Nitrates | mg/l | 1 / 2 | 1 / 2 | 0.1 / 0.1 | < 0.1 |
| Total Phosphorus | mg/l | 5 / 15 | 1.5 / 6 | 0.01 / 0.1 | ND |
| Fecal Coliform | MPN | millions | millions | <4 / <4 | ND |
| Pathogens in Aerosols | MPN | NA | NA | ND / ND | NA |
| Coliphage in Aerosols | MPN | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Actual Performance Data* - Westport Ontario
| Parameter | Units | MDL | Upgradient Well #1 |
Upgradient Well #4 |
Downgradient Well #2 |
Downgradient Well #3 |
| Average | Average | Average | Average | |||
| Total P | mg/l | 0.01 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| PO4 as P | mg/l | 0.01 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Total Ammonia | mg/l | 0.02 | 0.01 | ND | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| Unionized Ammonia | mg/l | 0.02 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Nitrate | mg/l | 0.1 | ND | 0.30 | 1.00 | ND |
| Nitrite | mg/l | 0.1 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| pH | stu | 0.01 | 8.09 | 7.87 | 7.75 | 7.82 |
| Conductivity | uS | 1 | 429 | 659 | 914 | 797 |
ND - non detectable
NA - not
applicable
MPN - Most
Probable Number
MDL -
Method Detection Limit
*) -
Groundwater Parameters
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